Difference Between Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time and Aortic Cross-Clamping Time as a Predictor of Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ABSTRACT Introduction: Along with cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time is directly related to the risk of complications after heart surgery. The influence of the time difference between cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamping times (TDC-C) remains poorly understood. Objective: To assess the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass time in relation to cross-clamping time on immediate results after coronary artery bypass grafting in the Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (REPLICCAR) II. Methods: Analysis of 3,090 patients included in REPLICCAR II database was performed. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons outcomes were evaluated (mortality, kidney failure, deep wound infection, reoperation, cerebrovascular accident, and prolonged ventilation time). A cutoff point was adopted, from which the increase of this difference would affect each outcome. Results: After a cutoff point determination, all patients were divided into Group 1 (cardiopulmonary bypass time < 140 min., TDC-C < 30 min.), Group 2 (cardiopulmonary bypass time < 140 min., TDC-C > 30 min.), Group 3 (cardiopulmonary bypass time > 140 min., TDC-C < 30 min.), and Group 4 (cardiopulmonary bypass time > 140 min., TDC-C > 30 min.). After univariate logistic regression, Group 2 showed significant association with reoperation (odds ratio: 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.66), stroke (odds ratio: 3.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-7.63), kidney failure (odds ratio: 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-2.74), and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 2.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-3.60). Conclusion: TDC-C serves as a predictive factor for complications following coronary artery bypass grafting. We strongly recommend that future studies incorporate this metric to improve the prediction of complications.

Cirugía de Ross en Chile: Tasa libre de reoperación y supervivencia global en una cohorte de más de 10 años de seguimiento

Antecedentes: El autoinjerto de válvula pulmonar (VP) u operación de Ross (OpR) tiene excelentes resultados a largo plazo. Es superior a otros tipos de reemplazo valvular en jóvenes adultos, aunque no el estándar de primera línea. Un tiempo quirúrgico prolongado o alta morbimortalidad son importantes preocupaciones. Objetivos: Establecer la morbimortalidad asociada a la OpR por un período >10 años, considerando el tiempo quirúrgico, tasa de reoperación y supervivencia global (SG). Métodos: Cohorte prospectiva (1996-2012), en seguimiento hasta agosto-2023. La SG fue estimada desde la OpR hasta la última consulta o deceso. Mediante regresión de Cox (Hazard Ratio, HR) se estimaron factores asociados a la SG. Resultados: La serie consta de 161 pacientes: 118 de etiología congénita (73.3%), 17 infecciosa (10.6%), 26 reumática (16.1%). La lesión fue estenótica en 79 (49.1%), insuficiencia en 40 (24.8%), mixta en 42 (26.1%). La OpR fue urgente en 11 (6.8%). The median time of ECC and the operation was 149 y 232 minutos, respectivamente. Veintisiete pacientes requirieron reoperación (16.8%). Con una mediana de 19.7 años (17.2-22.2), 23 pacientes fallecieron (14.3%): 1/23 asociado a OpR, 17/23 por causa cardiovascular y 5/23 por causas no cardiovasculares. La lesión mixta se asoció a mayor mortalidad (HR 3.07; IC 95% 1.11-8.47; p=.029). Conclusiones: La OpR es un procedimiento con baja morbimortalidad. La lesión mixta es un factor de riesgo independiente de mayor mortalidad. Sin embargo, la mediana de tiempo de CEC y quirúrgico es prolongado frente a otras técnicas de reemplazo valvular.

Background: Pulmonary valve (PV) autograftor reoperation or Ross surgery (RS), presents excellent long-term results. It is superior to other types of PV replacement in young adults, although it is not the first-line gold standard. A longer operative time or high morbidity and mortality rates are important concerns. Aim: To establish the morbidity and mortality associated with RS for >10 years, considering operative time, reoperation rate and overall survival (OS). Methods: Prospective cohort (1996-2012), with a follow-up until August/2023. The OS was estimated from RS to the last consultation/death. Factors associated to OS were estimated using Cox regression (Hazard Ratio, HR) Results: 161 patients were included: the etiology was congenital (118, 73%), infectious (17, 10.6%), and rheumatic (26,16.1%). The lesion was stenotic in 79 (49.1%), heart failure in 40 (24.8%), mixed in 42 (26.1%). RS was urgent in 11 (6.8%). Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and operative times were 149 and 232 minutes, respectively. Twenty-seven patients required reoperation (16.8%). With a median follow up of 19.7 years (17.2-22.2), 23 patients died (14.3%): 1/23 associated with RS, 17/23 due to cardiovascular causes, and 5/23 due to non-cardiovascular causes. Mixed injury was associated with higher mortality (HR 3.07; 95% CI 1.11-8.47; p=.029). Conclusions: RS is a procedure with low morbidity and mortality. Mixed injury is an independent risk factor for increased mortality. However, the median ECC and operative times were higher compared to other valvular replacement techniques.

Comparison of Surgical Procedures in the Treatment of Hip Periprosthetic Infection / Comparação entre procedimentos cirúrgicos no tratamento da infecção de prótese do quadril

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to compare the cure rate recovery time and Merle d'Aubigné-Postel functional (MAPF) score after single-stage surgery (C1T) or two-stage surgery (C2T) to treat prosthetic infections of the hip considering sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. Materials and Methods The present retrospective study occurred in a single center from 2011 to 2014 with 37 studied cases including 26 treated with C1T and 11 with C2T. We compared the cure rate recovery time and MAPF score in the two groups as well as the sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. We also considered surgical complications and the most common infectious agents. Results The C1T group had a faster functional recovery than the C2T group but there were no significant differences in the cure rate surgical complications or MAPF score. However C1T group patients were significantly younger which may have influenced the outcomes. Staphylococcus spp. was the most common infectious agent (62%). Conclusion Although C2T appears superior regarding infection cure C1T may be preferable for faster functional recovery. However it is critical to consider individual patient characteristics when choosing treatment. Further research with a larger sample size is required to confirm these results.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação na escala funcional de Merle d'Aubigné-Postel (EFMA) entre a cirurgia em tempo único (C1T) e a cirurgia em dois tempos (C2T) no tratamento de infecções protéticas do quadril, considerando as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Materiais e Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo num único centro, entre 2011 e 2014, com um total de 37 casos estudados, sendo 26 tratados com C1T e 11 com C2T. Foram comparadas a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação EFMA entre os dois grupos, bem como as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Foram também consideradas as complicações cirúrgicas e o agente infeccioso mais comum. Resultados O grupo C1T teve uma recuperação funcional mais rápida do que o grupo C2T, mas não houve diferenças significativas na taxa de cura, nas complicações cirúrgicas ou na pontuação EFMA. No entanto, o grupo C1T era significativamente mais jovem, o que pode ter influenciado os resultados. Staphylococcus spp. foi o agente infeccioso mais comum (62%). Conclusão Embora a C2T pareça ser superior em termos de cura de infecção, a C1T pode ser preferível para uma recuperação funcional mais rápida. No entanto, as características individuais dos pacientes devem ser consideradas na escolha do tratamento. São necessárias mais pesquisas com um tamanho de amostra maior para confirmar estes resultados.

Bentall-De Bono Reoperation Associated With Pseudoaneurysm and Infectious Endocarditis

Abstract We present the case of a 55-year-old patient who underwent the Bentall-De Bono procedure with mechanical prosthesis in 2005 and was admitted to the emergency department in July 2020 with mixed shock. Complementary exams showed an abscess involving the prosthetic tube, two thirds of the aortic valve circumference and the left ventricle, with a neocavity of about 45 mm in diameter from the aortic sinus to the ascending aorta. The patient underwent surgical repair, with a new procedure using the Bentall-De Bono technique, now associated with coronary artery bypass grafting with a great saphenous vein graft between the aorta and the anterior descending artery. Culture of samples collected intraoperatively showed Staphylococcus epidermidis. The patient received antibiotic therapy for 30 days, evolving favorably, and is under regular outpatient follow-up.

Experiencia del tratamiento de la hernia incisional en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia / Experience of the treatment of incisional hernia in a third level hospital in Colombia

Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21. Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %. Conclusión.La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización

Introduction. Hernias management has become a common surgical problem, with an estimated increase in the coming years. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course, aspects of surgical treatment and factors associated with the presence of complications in patients operated on for incisional hernia. Methods. Descriptive study, in which the characteristics of a cohort of patients taken to surgical correction of incisional hernia at the Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, a high complexity medical center located in Neiva, Colombia, between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed, whose data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software and analyzed in SPSSTM, version 21. Results. One-hundred-thirty-three incisional hernia corrections were performed. The mean age at the intervention was 52 years ±14.6. The most frequent comorbidities were weight disorders, hypertension and diabetes. Only one laparoscopy was performed, the first etiology of the hernia was traumatic (61.7%) and midline (84.2%). The frequency of complications was greater than 50%, mostly minors. An association with obesity was found for the presence of seroma. Mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion. Incisional hernia is a public health problem. We consider that obesity and the use of mesh are a risk factor associated with the presentation of postoperative complications as well as the increase in costs related to days of hospitalization

Osseointegration and Success in Hip Arthroplasty Acetabular Revision Using Structured Homologous Graft Average 9.6 Years Follow-up / Osteointegração e sucesso em revisão acetabular de artroplastia total de quadril com enxerto estrutural homólogo seguimento médio de 9, 6 anos

Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results and survival of the acetabular revision surgery of total hip arthroplasty with cemented implant without the use of reinforcement ring, associated with structural homologous bone grafting. Methods A total of 40 patients (44 hips) operated from 1995 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiographs were evaluated according to the classification of the acetabular bone defect, graft shape, and the presence of osseointegration. Cases were considered as failures when the migration of the implant was > 5 mm in any direction, and/or the progression of radiolucency lines around the acetabular component were > 2 mm. We verified the association of radiographic findings with cases of failure using statistical tests and analyzed survival using the Kaplan-Meier curve. Results Of the 44 hips, 45.5% of the acetabular defects were Paprosky type 3A and 50% were 3B. In 65% of the hips, the graft configuration was classified as Prieto type 1 and in 31% as type 2. No radiographic evidence of osseointegration was observed in 13.6% of the cases. We observed 9 (20.5%) reconstruction failures. A correlation was observed between reconstruction failure and the absence of radiographic signs of graft osseointegration. Conclusion We observed good clinic and radiographic results, with survival of 79.54% in a mean follow-up of 9.65 years. Also, there was an association between absence of radiographic signs of osseointegration of the structural graft and failure in this series of patients with large bone defects. The failures did not correlate with the severity of the acetabular bone defect, thickness, or graft configuration.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliarosresultadosclínicos, radiográficos e a sobrevida da cirurgia de revisão acetabular de artroplastia total de quadril com implante cimentado sem uso de anel de reforço, associado à enxertia óssea homóloga estrutural. Métodos Um total de 40 pacientes (44 quadris) operados de 1995 a 2015 foram analisados retrospectivamente. As radiografias foram avaliadas de acordo com a classificação do defeito ósseo acetabular, o formato do enxerto e à presença de osteointegração. Foram considerados casos de insucesso a migração do implante > 5 mm em qualquer direção e/ou a progressão de linhas de radioluscência em torno do componente acetabular > 2mm. Verificamos a associação dos achados radiográficos com os casos de falha utilizando testes estatísticos e analisamos a sobrevida utilizando a curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados Dos 44 quadris, 45,5% dos defeitos acetabulares eram Paprosky tipo 3A e 50%, 3B. Em 65% dos quadris, a configuração do enxerto foi classificada como tipo 1 de Prieto e em 31% como tipo 2. Não foi observada evidência radiográfica de osteointe-gração em 13,6% dos casos. Observamos 9 (20,5%) falhas de reconstrução. Foi observada correlação entre falha da reconstrução com a ausência de sinais radiográficos de osteointegração do enxerto. Conclusão Observamos bons resultados clínicos e radiográficos, com sobrevida de 79,54% em seguimento médio de 9,65 anos. Também houve associação entre ausência de sinais radiográficos de osteointegração do enxerto estrutural e falha nesta série de pacientes com grandes defeitos ósseos. As falhas não se correlacionaram com a severidade do defeito ósseo acetabular, espessura ou configuraçãodoenxerto.

Non-melanoma skin cancer: an analysis of compromised margins in excisions / Câncer de pele não melanoma: uma análise do comprometimento de margens em excisões

Introduction: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in Brazil, with an estimated 176,930 new cases during the 2020-2022 period, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the most common subtypes. Surgical treatment of the lesions is effective, with a recurrence rate varying between 3 and 23%, with compromised margins being an important prognostic factor for this recurrence, increasing the importance of complete excision of the tumor. Method: To prepare this work, 1127 lesions treated at the Hospital de Amor Amazônia were analyzed, seeking to quantify cases and analyze surgically compromised margins through a retrospective analytical descriptive study. For this, histopathological reports of the operated patients were reviewed, dividing them according to sex, age, lesion topography, date of excision, lesion diameter, lesion depth, presence of ulceration, compromised margins, and histological type. Results: Among the lesions treated, 65% were BCC and 35% SCC, both histological types presenting a low incidence of compromised margins. In cases of CPB impairment, treatment via exeresis was chosen in 100% of cases. Concerning BCC impairment, the majority opted for clinical follow-up, with reapproach in only 9% of cases. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the cases treated at the Hospital de Amor Amazônia align with the epidemiological data in the main literature, except for finding a higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in men. In addition, this work demonstrates good results in the clinical approach of compromised margins in BCC lesions.

Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma é a neoplasia mais frequente no Brasil, com uma estimativa de 176.930 novos casos durante o triênio 2020-2022, tendo o carcinoma basocelular (CBC) e o carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) como subtipos mais presentes. O tratamento cirúrgico das lesões é efetivo, apresentando taxa de recorrência variando entre 3 e 23%, sendo o comprometimento de margens importante fator prognóstico para essa recorrência, aumentando a importância da excisão completa do tumor. Método: Para a elaboração deste trabalho, foram analisadas 1127 lesões abordadas no Hospital de Amor Amazônia, buscando quantificar casos e analisar margens cirurgicamente comprometidas por meio de um estudo descritivo analítico retrospectivo. Para isso, foram revisados laudos histopatológicos dos pacientes operados, dividindo-os de acordo com sexo, idade, topografia da lesão, data de excisão, diâmetro da lesão, profundidade da lesão, presença de ulceração, comprometimento de margens e tipo histológico. Resultados: Dentre as lesões abordadas, 65% eram CBC e 35% CEC, ambos os tipos histológicos apresentando baixa incidência de margens comprometidas. Nos casos de comprometimento em CEC, optou-se pelo tratamento via exérese em 100% dos casos. Já em relação ao comprometimento em CBC, optou-se majoritariamente pelo acompanhamento clínico, com reabordagem em apenas 9% dos casos. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que os casos abordados no Hospital de Amor Amazônia vão ao encontro dos dados epidemiológicos presentes nas principais literaturas, com ressalva, apenas, ao encontrar uma maior incidência de câncer de pele não melanoma em homens. Além disso, esse trabalho demonstra bons resultados na abordagem clínica de margens comprometidas em lesões de CBC.

Sistemas de ayuda al pronóstico de reoperación abdominal

Los sistemas de ayuda al pronóstico constituyen uno de los grandes aportes de la medicina contemporánea al ejercicio de esta profesión, por su utilidad en la prevención, predicción, individualización y participación del enfermo en la toma de decisiones, incluso con propósito de auditoría. En el caso de las complicaciones posoperatorias, la aplicación de estos sistemas en apoyo del método clínico hace posible aumentar la certeza diagnóstica y, por tanto, la calidad de la asistencia médica. El objetivo de este artículo es precisar, mediante preguntas y respuestas las características, ventajas y desventajas de los sistemas de ayuda al pronóstico usados en el posoperatorio, para la predicción de dichas complicaciones. Se muestran las bondades de la aplicación de un sistema recientemente validado en un estudio multicéntrico, que se nutre de las mejores evidencias disponibles en beneficio de la seguridad de los pacientes.

Prognosis support systems are one of the contemporary medicine's great contributions to the practice of this profession, due to their usefulness in prevention, prediction, individualization and participation of the patient in decision-making, even for auditing purposes. In the case of postoperative complications, the application of these supporting systems to the clinical method makes it possible to increase diagnostic certainty and therefore the quality of medical care. The objective of this article is to specify, by means of questions and answers, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the prognosis aid systems used in the postoperative period for the prediction of those complications, as well as the benefits of the application of a system recently validated in a multicentric study, which draws on the best available evidence for the benefit of patient safety.

Proteína C-reativa como preditor para complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgias colorretais / C-reactive protein as postoperative complications predictor of colorectal surgeries

ABSTRACT Background: The use of inflammatory markers in order to accurate the diagnosis, decrease the reoperation rate and enable earlier interventions during the postoperative period of a colorectal surgery is increasingly necessary, with the purpose of reducing morbimortality, nosocomial infections, costs and time of a readmission. Objective: To analyze C-reactive protein level on the third postoperative day of an elective colorectal surgery and compare the marks between reoperated and non-reoperated patients and to establish a cutoff value to predict or avoid surgical reoperations. Methods: Retrospective study based on the analysis of electronic charts of over 18-year-old patients who underwent an elective colorectal surgery with primary anastomoses during the period from January 2019 to May 2021 by the proctology team of Santa Marcelina Hospital Department of General Surgery with C-reactive protein (CRP) dosage taken on the third postoperative day. Results: We assessed 128 patients with a mean age of 59.22 years old and need of reoperation of 20.3% of patients, half of these due to dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis. Comparing CRP rates on the third postoperative day between non-reoperated and reoperated patients, it was noted that in the former group the average was of 153.8±76.2 mg/dL, whereas in reoperated patients it was 198.7±77.4 mg/dL (P<0.0001) and the best CRP cutoff value to predict or investigate reoperation risk was 184.8 mg/L with an accuracy of 68% and negative predictive value of 87.6%. Conclusion: CRP levels assessed on the third postoperative day of elective colorectal surgery were higher in patients who were reoperated and the cutoff value for intra-abdominal complication of 184.8mg/L presented a high negative predictive value.

RESUMO Contexto: O uso de marcadores sanguíneos para tentar acurar o diagnóstico, reduzir a taxa de readmissão e possibilitar intervenções mais precoces no pós operatório de cirurgia colorretal é cada vez mais necessário, a fim de almejar reduzir a morbimortalidade, infecções nosocomiais, custos e tempo de uma reinternação. Objetivo: Analisar o nível da proteíne C reativa (PCR) no terceiro dia de pós-operatório de cirurgia colorretal eletiva e comparar os valores entre pacientes reoperados e não reoperados e estabelecer um valor de corte para prever ou afastar re-intervenção cirúrgica. Metodos: Estudo retrospectivo através da análise de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes maiores que 18 anos submetidos a cirurgia colorretal de forma eletiva com anastomoses primárias no período de janeiro de 2019 a maio de 2021 pelo serviço de Coloproctologia do Departamento de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Santa Marcelina com dosagem da PCR no 3º pós-operatório. Resultados: Foram avaliados 128 pacientes com média de idade de 59,22 anos e necessidade de reoperação em 20,3% dos pacientes, sendo metade desses por deiscência de anastomose colorretal. Ao se comparar os valores de PCR no 3º pós operatório entre os pacientes não reoperados e os reoperados, observou-se que nos primeiros a média foi de 153,8±76,2 mg/dL, enquanto nos pacientes reoperados foi de 198,7±77,4 mg/dL (P<0,0001) e, o melhor valor de corte de PCR para predizer ou investigar o risco de reoperação, foi 184,8 mg/dL com uma acurácia de 68% e valor preditivo negativo de 87,6%. Conclusão: Os níveis de PCR avaliados no 3º pós-operatório de cirurgia colorretal eletiva foram maiores em pacientes reoperados e o valor de corte para complicações intra-abdominal de 184,8 mg/L apresentou elevado valor preditivo negativo.

Surgical strategy and clinical outcomes of reoperative aortic root replacement after prior aortic valve replacement / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To summarize the surgical strategy of reoperative aortic root replacement after prior aortic valve replacement (AVR), and analyze the early and mid-term outcomes. Methods    From April 2013 to January 2020, 75 patients with prior AVR underwent reoperative aortic root replacement in Fuwai Hospital. There were 54 males and 21 females with a mean age of 56.4±12.7 years. An emergent operation was performed in 14 patients and an elective operation in 61 patients. The indications were aortic root aneurysm in 38 patients, aortic dissection involving aortic root in 30 patients, root false aneurysm in 2 patients, prosthesis valve endocarditis with root abscess in 2 patients, and Behçet's disease with root destruction in 3 patients. The survival and freedom from aortic events during the follow-up were evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the log-rank test. Results    The operative procedures included prosthesis-sparing root replacement in 45 patients, Bentall procedure in 26 patients, and Cabrol procedure in 4 patients. Operative mortality was 1.3% (1/75). A composite of adverse events occurred in 5 patients, including operative death (n=1), stroke (n=1), and acute renal injury necessitating hemodialysis (n=3). The follow-up was available for all 74 survivors, with the mean follow-up time of 0.5-92.0 (30.3±25.0) months. Four late deaths occurred during the follow-up. The survival rate at 1 year, 3 years and 6 years was 97.2%, 91.4% and 84.4%, respectively. Aortic events developed in 2 patients. The rate of freedom from aortic events at 1 year, 3 years, and 6 years was 98.7%, 95.0% and 87.7%, respectively. There was no difference in rate of survival or freedom from aortic events between the elective patients and the emergent patients. Conclusion    Reoperative aortic root replacement after prior AVR can be performed to treat the root pathologies after AVR, with acceptable early and mid-term outcomes.

Clinical application of robotic surgical system in re-operation of thyroid cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of Da Vinci robotic surgical system in the reoperation of recurrent or residual thyroid cancer.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 9 patients with Da Vinci robot-assisted reoperation for thyroid cancer in the 960th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army of China from September 2018 to January 2022, the operation time, number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, total postoperative drainage volume, incidence of complications, satisfaction with postoperative aesthetic effect, visual analyogue scale (VAS) score at the 24 h after surgery and number of recurrence during follow-up were counted.Results:The surgery time of 9 cases was (186.67±44.44) min, the number of lymph nodes cleared were (15.77±13.59), intraoperative blood loss was (21.11±16.91) mL, hospital stay were (10.67±3.32) days, total postoperative drainage was (286.94±90.85) mL. There was no complications, and all patients were satisfied with the postoperative cosmetic effect whose VAS score was (8.22±1.09), and VAS score was 0 to 3 (2.44±0.73) points, no recurrence during the follow-up period from 6 to 46 months.Conclusion:With adequate preoperative evaluation and an experienced surgeon team, the use of robots in recurrent or residual thyroid cancer resurgery is feasible, safe and effective.

Rediscussion of the reoperation of differentiated thyroid cancer / 国际外科学杂志

The treatment concept and standardization of primary surgery for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer vary among different regions and different treatment centers in the same region, resulting in different reoperation rates for patients. Intraoperative experience, preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, and procedure may all influence the success rate of reoperation. In order to reduce the risk of surgery and complications, reoperation should be treated standardized, while combining the current diagnosis and treatment techniques to provide individualized treatment options for reoperation patients, under the premise of ensuring efficacy, to broaden the indications of surgery, make large incisions into small incisions, and change traditional open surgery into minimally invasive surgery, improve the quality of life of patients and confidence in coping with social stress. This paper will summarize the main content of preoperative assessment at the time of reoperation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, analyze the notes and rationally developing a surgical plan for patients, in the hope of attracting the same emphasis and normalizing the reoperation treatment, so as to achieve reoperation of the tumor R0 resection.

Analysis of the causes and clinical results of vertebral fracture during oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the causes of vertebral fracture during oblique lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylopathy, summarize the clinical results, and propose preventive measures.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was made on the data of 8 cases of lumbar spondylopathy and vertebral fracture treated by oblique lateral interbody fusion in three medical centers from October 2014 to December 2018. All were female, aged from 50 to 81 years with an average of 66.4 years. Disease types included 1 case of lumbar degenerative disease, 3 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis, 2 cases of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis and 2 cases of lumbar degenerative scoliosis. Preoperative dual energy X-ray bone mineral density test showed that 2 cases had T-value >-1 SD, 2 cases had T-value -1 to -2.5 SD, and 4 cases had T-value <-2.5 SD. Single segment fusion was in 5 cases, two segment fusion in 1 case and three segment fusion in 2 cases. Four cases were treated with OLIF Stand-alone and 4 cases were treated with OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation. Postoperative imaging examination showed vertebral fracture, and all of them were single vertebral fracture. There were 2 cases of right lower edge fracture of upper vertebral body at fusion segment, 6 cases of lower vertebral body fracture at fusion segment, and 6 cases with endplate injury and fusion cage partially embedded in vertebral body. Three cases of OLIF Stand-alone were treated with pedicle screw fixation via posterior intermuscular approach, while one case of OLIF Stand-alone and four cases of OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw fixation were not treated specially.@*RESULTS@#The 5 cases of initial operation and 3 cases of reoperation did not show wound skin necrosis or wound infection. The follow-up time was from 12 to 48 months with an average of 22.8 months. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain was preoperative decreased from 4 to 8 points (averagely 6.3 points) and postoperative 1 to 3 points (averagely 1.7 points) at the final follow-up. Oswestry disability index (ODI) was preoperative 39.7% to 52.4% (averagely 40.2%), and postoperative 7.9% to 11.2% (averagely 9.5%) at the final follow-up. During the follow-up, there was no loosening or fracture of the pedicle screw system, and no lateral displacement of the fusion cage;however, the fusion cage at the vertebral fracture segment had obvious subsidence. The intervertebral space height of vertebral fracture segment was preoperaive 6.7 to 9.2 mm (averagely 8.1 mm), and postoperative 10.5 to 12.8 mm (averagely 11.2 mm). The improvement rate after operation was 37.98% compared to preoperative. The intervertebral space height at final follow-up was 8.4 to 10.9 mm (averagely 9.3 mm), and the loss rate was 16.71% compared with that after operation. At the final follow-up, interbody fusion was achieved in all cases except for one that could not be identified.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of vertebral fracture during oblique lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylopathy is lower, and there are many reasons for fracture, including preoperative bone loss or osteoporosis, endplate injury, irregular shape of endplate, excessive selection of fusion cage, and osteophyte hyperplasia at the affected segment. As long as vertebral fracture is found in time and handled properly, the prognosis is well. However, it still needs to strengthen prevention.

The cemented double mobility cup in hip revision: different possibilities of use / Acetábulo cimentado de dupla mobilidade em revisão de quadril: distintas possibilidades de uso

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of our work is to review those patients who underwent prosthetic hip revision surgery in our hospital considered to be patients at high risk of dislocation or recurrent dislocation, and who underwent a double mobility cemented cup (CMD). Analyzing the different ways to place these cups and the clinical results and reluxations. Material and methods: The 69 cases comprised 34 men and 35 women with a mean age of 77,39 years. The mean follow-up was 4.7536 years. The type of intervention performed varied according to the cause of the intervention, the acetabular bone stock and the state of the primary cup. In the cases in which there was a good fixation of the primary metalback, we opted to carry out a cementation of the cemented DMC into the existing well-fixed metal acetabular shell, this occurred in 23 cases. In the cases where there was loosening of the primary cup but there was a good bone stock, a CMD was cemented into the bone (21 cases). In the cases where there was a Paprosky type III we cemented a DMC to a Bursch-Schneider reinforcement ring together with the placement of a cancellous bone graft (25 cases). Results: The clinical evaluation at the end of the follow-up, according to the MD Scale, showed the mean value was 16.454 (SD 0.79472), with a survival at the end of the follow-up of 100% of the placed DMC. Conclusion: The use of cemented DMC is a good solution in the replacement of THA, especially in cases of reluxation or risk of dislocation due to personal or technical predisposing factors. The use of these DMC cemented can be directly to the bone, into the existing well-fixed metal Shell, or cemented to a reinforcing ring, depending on the acetabular defect. Evidence Level III; Comparative Case Series.

RESUMO Introdução: Revisar os pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia de revisão protética de quadril neste hospital, considerados como pacientes com alto risco de luxação ou luxação recorrente, submetidos a cirurgia por acetábulo cimentado de dupla mobilidade (CMD). Analisando as diferentes formas de posicionamento desses copos, seus resultados clínicos e reluxações. Material e métodos: Os 69 casos correspondiam a 34 homens e 35 mulheres com uma idade média de 77,39 anos. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 4,7536 anos. O tipo de intervenção realizada variou de acordo com a causa da intervenção, o estoque ósseo acetabular e o estado do copo primário. Nos casos em que houve uma boa fixação do metal primário, optouse por realizar uma cimentação do DMC cimentado na cúpula acetabular metálica firme existente, o que ocorreu em 23 casos. Nos casos em que houve um afrouxamento acetabular primário com um bom estoque ósseo disponível, cimentou-se um CMD (21 caixas). Nos casos em que havia um Paprosky tipo III, cimentou-se um DMC a um anel de reforço Bursch-Schneider juntamente com a colocação de um enxerto ósseo esponjoso (25 caixas). Resultados: A avaliação clínica realizada no final do acompanhamento, de acordo com a Escala MD, mostrou que o valor médio foi de 16,454 (DP 0,79472), com uma sobrevivência ao final do acompanhamento de 100% do DMC inserido. Conclusão: O uso do DMC cimentado pode ser uma boa solução para substituição do THA, especialmente em casos de reluxação ou risco de deslo-camento devido a fatores de predisposição pessoais ou técnicos. O uso destes DMC cimentados pode ser realizado diretamente ao osso, dentro da cúpula metálica fixa existente, ou cimentados a um anel de reforço, dependendo do defeito acetabular. Nível de Evidência III; Série de Casos Comparativos.

Central vs. Peripheral Cannulation During Reoperations: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative outcomes and early mortality of peripheral and central cannulation techniques in cardiac reoperations using propensity score matching analysis. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, patients who underwent cardiac reoperations with median resternotomy were analyzed in terms of propensity score matching. Between November 2010 and September 2020, 257 patients underwent cardiac reoperations via central (Group 1) or peripheral (Group 2) cannulation. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to balance the influence of potential confounding factors to compare postoperative data and mortality rate. Results: There were no significant differences when comparing the matched groups regarding early mortality (P=0.51), major cardiac injury (P=0.99), prolonged ventilation (P=0.16), and postoperative stroke (P=0.99). The development of acute renal failure (P=0.02) was statistically less frequent in Group 1. Conclusions: Performing cardiopulmonary bypass via peripheral cannulation increases acute renal failure in cardiac reoperations. In contrast, peripheral or central cannulation have similar early mortality rate in cardiac reoperations.

Outcomes of Chylothorax Nonoperative Management After Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chylothorax after thoracic surgery is a severe complication with high morbidity and mortality rate of 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06 - 0.02). There is no agreement on whether nonoperative treatment or early reoperation should be the initial intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the conservative approach to treat chyle leakage after cardiothoracic surgeries. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed®, Embase, Cochrane Library Central, and LILACS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) databases; a manual search of references was also done. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery, patients who received any nonoperative treatment (e.g., total parenteral nutrition, low-fat diet, medium chain triglycerides), and studies that evaluated chylothorax resolution, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, infection, morbidity, and mortality. Central Message Nonoperative treatment for chylothorax after cardiothoracic procedures has significant hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rates. Results: Twenty-two articles were selected. Pulmonary complications, infections, and arrhythmia were the most common complications after surgical procedures. The incidence of chylothorax in cardiothoracic surgery was 1.8% (95% CI 1.7 - 2%). The mean time of maintenance of the chest tube was 16.08 days (95% CI 12.54 - 19.63), and the length of hospital stay was 23.74 days (95% CI 16.08 - 31.42) in patients with chylothorax receiving nonoperative treatment. Among patients that received conservative treatment, the morbidity event was 0.40 (95% CI 0.23 - 0.59), and reoperation rate was 0.37 (95% CI 0.27 - 0.49). Mortality rate was 0.10 (95% CI 0.06 - 0.02). Conclusion: Nonoperative treatment for chylothorax after cardiothoracic procedures has significant hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rates.

Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Report from a Public Reference Hospital in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing worldwide number of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) demands greater attention from health professionals. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical demographic profile, frequency, and invasive treatment status of adults with CHD in a public reference hospital in northeastern Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study including 704 patients attended between August 2016 and August 2020. Data were collected from virtual database. Results: Patients' age varied from 17 to 81 years (mean 32±14; median 27 years); 294 (41.8%) patients were male, and 410 (58,2%) were female; 230 (32,7%) had diagnosis from age 18 and up. Cardiac complexity categories were "simple defects" (134 [19%] patients), "moderate complexity" (503 [71.5%]), and "great complexity" (67 [9.5%]). Atrial septal defect (ASD) was diagnosed in 216 (30.7%) patients, ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 101 (14.3%), tetralogy of Fallot in 93 (13.2%), and other CHD in 294 (41.8%). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes were I (401 [57%]), II (203 [28.8%]), III (76 [10.8%]), and IV (24 [3.4%]). Complications were arrhythmias (173 [24%]) and severe pulmonary hypertension (69 [9.8%]). Invasive treatments were corrective surgery (364 (51.6%]), reoperation (28 [4.0%]), palliation (11 [1.6%]), interventional catheterization (12 [1.7%]), surgery plus interventional catheterization (5 [0.7%]), and preoperation (91 [12.9%]). Treatment was not required in 102 (14,5%) patients, and 91 (12.9%) were inoperable. Conclusion: The leading diagnosis was ASD. Frequency of unrepaired patients was high, mainly ASD, due to late diagnosis, which favored complications and denotes a matter of great concern.

Management of symptoms recurrence after myotomy for achalasia. a practical approach / Manejo da recidiva de sintomas após miotomia para acalasia. uma abordagem prática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder, and myotomy is one of the most used treatment techniques. However, symptom persistence or recurrence occurs in 9 to 20% of cases. AIMS: This study aims to provide a practical approach for managing the recurrence or persistence of achalasia symptoms after myotomy. METHODS: A critical review was performed to gather evidence for a rational approach for managing the recurrence or persistence of achalasia symptoms after myotomy. RESULTS: To properly manage an achalasia patient with significant symptoms after myotomy, such as dysphagia, regurgitation, thoracic pain, and weight loss, it is necessary to classify symptoms, stratify severity, perform appropriate tests, and define a treatment strategy. A systematic differential diagnosis workup is essential to cover the main etiologies of symptoms recurrence or persistence after myotomy. Upper digestive endoscopy and dynamic digital radiography are the main tests that can be applied for investigation. The treatment options include endoscopic dilation, peroral endoscopic myotomy, redo surgery, and esophagectomy, and the decision should be based on the patient's individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: A good clinical evaluation and the use of proper tests jointly with a rational assessment, are essential for the management of symptoms recurrence or persistence after achalasia myotomy.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A acalasia é um distúrbio da motilidade esofágica e a miotomia é uma das técnicas de tratamento mais utilizadas. No entanto, a persistência ou recorrência dos sintomas ocorre em 9 a 20%. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo visa fornecer uma abordagem prática para o manejo da recorrência ou persistência dos sintomas de acalasia após miotomia. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão crítica para reunir evidências para uma abordagem racional no manejo da recorrência ou persistência dos sintomas de acalasia após miotomia. RESULTADOS: Para o manejo adequado de um paciente com acalásia com sintomas significativos após miotomia, como disfagia, regurgitação, dor torácica e perda de peso, é necessário classificar os sintomas, estratificar a gravidade, realizar exames adequados e definir uma estratégia de tratamento. Uma investigação diagnóstica diferencial sistemática é essencial para cobrir as principais etiologias de recorrência ou persistência dos sintomas após a miotomia. A endoscopia digestiva alta e a radiografia digital dinâmica são os principais exames que podem ser aplicados para investigação. As opções de tratamento incluem dilatação endoscópica, POEM (miotomia endoscópica oral), remiotomia e esofagectomia, e a decisão deve ser baseada nas características individuais do paciente. CONCLUSÕES: Uma boa avaliação clínica e a utilização de exames adequados, juntamente com uma avaliação racional, são essenciais para o manejo da recorrência ou persistência dos sintomas após miotomia por acalasia.

Colecistectomias: análise de um hospital escola / Cholecystectomies - analysis in a school hospital

Introdução: A colecistopatia calculosa atinge cerca de 20% da população ocidental adulta, e dela 15% tornam-se sintomáticos. No Brasil foram realizadas, entre 12/2019 e 11/2020, 138.154 colecistectomias pelo Sistema Único de Saúde Objetivo: Levantar dados das colecistectomias realizadas em 2 anos em um hospital escola, analisando o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes e resultados operatórios. Método: Foram analizadas 942 colecistectomias. Compararam-se os procedimentos eletivos com os de urgência quanto à necessidade de drenagem, reoperação, complicações pós-operatórias e da ferida operatória. Resultados: Do total, 75,9% eram mulheres com média de 48,2 anos de idade. Procedimentos urgentes foram realizadas em 34,9%. Houve mais complicações nas urgências e nos que necessitaram de drenagem. Houve mais complicações na ferida operatória nos pacientes submetidos à reoperação. Conclusão: A análise dos dados mostrou independência de 5 variáveis na evolução pós-operatória das colecistectomias e elas interferiram negativamente quer por si só, quer em associação. Foram elas: drenagem vs. porta de entrada; drenagem vs. reoperação; porta de entrada vs. complicações pós-operatórias; reoperação vs. complicações no pós-operatório; e reoperação vs. complicações na ferida operatória.

Introduction: Calculous cholecystopathy affects about 20% of the Western adult population, and 15% of them become symptomatic. About 138.154 cholecystectomies were performed between 12/2019 and 11/2020 at Brazil, by the public health system. Objective: To collect data from cholecystectomies performed during 2 years in a teaching hospital, analyzing the epidemiological profile of patients and operative results. Method: 942 cholecystectomies were analyzed. Elective and emergency procedures were compared regarding the need for drainage, reoperation, postoperative and wound complications. Results: Of the total, 75.9% were women with a mean age of 48.2 years. Urgent procedures were performed in 34.9%. There were more complications in emergencies and in those requiring drainage. There were more complications in the surgical wound in patients undergoing reoperation. Conclusion: Data analysis showed independence of 5 variables in the postoperative evolution of cholecystectomies and they negatively interfered either by themselves or in combination. They were: drainage vs. hospital entrance; drainage vs. reoperation; hospital entrance vs. postoperative complications; reoperation vs. postoperative complications; and reoperation vs. complications in the surgical wound.

Predictors of Mid-Term AVNeo Insufficiency

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease and the most common indication for aortic valve replacement in adults. Aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) with fixed autologous pericardium, also known as the Ozaki procedure, is a possible alternative treatment of AS. Autopericardial valves save the dynamics and physiological anatomy of the aortic root, however, the service life of autopericardial leaflets is limited. There is no data about factors that may influence the development of AVNeo insufficiency. Here, we assessed the effect of autopericardial leaflet symmetry on the development of aortic insufficiency after Ozaki procedure. Methods: This study included 381 patients with AS who underwent Ozaki procedure. Patients were divided into group 1 (171 patients with symmetric aortic root) and group 2 (210 patients with asymmetric aortic root). Results: The maximum observation period was up to 65 months. Sixteen cases of aortic insufficiency were detected in group 1, and 33 cases were detected in group 2. Based on the results of Cox regression, the predictors of aortic insufficiency in the late postoperative period are age and asymmetry of neocusps. According to results of Kaplan-Meier analysis, insufficiency of AVNeo in the maximum follow-up period after surgical correction of AS for group 1 patients was significantly lower than for group 2 patients (P=0.006). Conclusion: Asymmetric neocusps increase the risk of aortic insufficiency in the mid-term period after Ozaki procedure. And the older the patients at the time of surgery, the less likely they develop AVNeo insufficiency.